Gresham's law is monetary principle stating that bad money drives out good.It is primarily used for consideration and application in currency markets,Gresham's law was originally based on the composition of minted coin and the value of the precious metals that are used on them.
In 1508 Nicolaus Copernicus developed his own celestial model/system called heliocentric.Heliocentric is a astronomical system which the earth and planets orbits the sun as it is the centre of the universe,derived from the Greek Helio meaning"Sun" or the God of the sun.Around 1514,he started to share his findings in the commentariolus.His second book on the topic Heliocentric,De revolutionbus orbium coelestium.The book was banned due to biblical reasons by the Roman catholic church decades after his may 24,1543 death in frombork
Education and Early life
Famed astronomer Nicholas Copernicus,was the fourth youngest child born to elder Nicolaus Copernicus and Barbara Watzenrode,an affluent copper merchant family in Torun,west Prussia.Copernicus was technically of German heritage.When he was born Torun had been ceded to Poland,rendering him a citizen under the polish crown.German was his first language,but some scholars believe that he spoke polish as well.
During the mid-1408s,Copernicus the elder passed away.Nicolaus Copernicus then moved in with his maternal uncle bishop of Varmia,Lucas Watzenrode.He took it upon himself to ensure that Copernicus received the best possible education.1491 Copernicus entered the university of Cracow(For painting and mathematics)he also developed an growing interest in the cosmos.
By mid decade,Copernicus recieved a Frombork canon cathedral appointment,the appointment came with the benefits of him having the opportunity to fund his studies for as long as he wishes. But the job took much of his time,he was able to pursue his academic interests during his free time
1496 Copernicus took leave and traveled to Italy,Where he enrolled in religious law program at the university of Bologna.He met astronomer Domenico Maria Novaria A true mentor.Domenico had similar mentality and the will to challenge astrologist Claudius Ptolemy.
1501 Copernicus went on to study practical medicine at university of Padua.1503 Copernicus attended university of Ferrara,he took the necessary exams to earn his doctorate in Canon law,he went back home to Poland where he commenced his position as canon and rejoined his uncle.
Heliocentric Theory(Nicolaus Copernicus):
Throughout the time he spent in Lidzbark-Warminski, Copernicus continued to study astronomy. Among the sources that he consulted was Regiomontanus's 15th-century work Epitome of the Almagest, which presented an alternative to Ptolemy's model of the universe and significantly influenced Copernicus' research.
Scholars believe that by around 1508, Copernicus had begun developing his own celestial model, a heliocentric planetary system. During the second century A.D., Ptolemy had invented a geometric planetary model with eccentric circular motions and epicycles, significantly deviating from Aristotle's idea that celestial bodies moved in a fixed circular motion around the earth. In an attempt to reconcile such inconsistencies, Copernicus' heliocentric solar system named the sun, rather than the earth, as the center of the solar system. Subsequently, Copernicus believed that the size and speed of each planet's orbit depended on its distance from the sun.
Though his theory was viewed as revolutionary and met with controversy, Copernicus was not the first astronomer to propose a heliocentric system. Centuries prior, in the third century B.C., the ancient Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos had identified the sun as a central unit orbited by a revolving earth. But a heliocentric theory was dismissed in Copernicus' era because Ptolemy's ideas were far more accepted by the influential Roman Catholic Church, which adamantly supported the earth-based solar system theory. Still, Copernicus' heliocentric system proved to be more detailed and accurate than Aristarchus', including a more efficient formula for calculating planetary positions.
In 1513, Copernicus' dedication prompted him to build his own modest observatory. Nonetheless, his observations did, at times, lead him to form inaccurate conclusions, including his assumption that planetary orbits occurred in perfect circles. As German astronomer Johannes Kepler would later prove, planetary orbits are actually elliptical in shape.
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