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Bile reflux

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Here is something to learn from medical room 

What is bile reflux 
Bile reflux occurs when bile, a digestive fluid produced by the liver, flows backward from the small intestine into the stomach and esophagus. This can lead to irritation and inflammation of the stomach lining and esophagus, causing symptoms such as heartburn, nausea, and vomiting. It can be caused by various factors, including surgery, peptic ulcers, or dysfunction of the pyloric valve.

What causes bile 
Bile reflux  is caused by problems  of the pyloric valve,that is supposed to keep bile into your stomach can be result of surgery, especially stomach surgery and gallbladder removal 

Surgery complications 
•Stomach surgery, including total or partial removal of the stomach and gastric bypass surgery for weight loss, this can lead to patients having  bile reflux 

Peptic ulcers 
•A peptic ulcer can block the pyloric valve so it does not open or close properly.Stagnant food in the stomach can lead to increased gastric pressure and allow bile and stomach acids to back up into the esophagus 

Impaired sphincter function 
•Dysfunction of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES),or the sphincter of oddi which regulates the flow of contents between the stomach and small intestine.

Excessive relaxation of the lower sphincter 
•Certain  medication or lifestyle factors that relax the (LES) Lower esophagus sphincter excessively can lead to bile reflux.

Bile reflux symptoms can occur in your stomach and throat (esophagus).

Symptoms in the stomach 

Heartburn 
•Similar to acid reflux,patients may experience a burning  sensation in the chest or throat.

Regurgitation 
•Backflow of bile into the mouth,which may have a bit taste.

Vomiting 
•Bile reflux can lead to vomiting, especially after meals. Vomiting bile(greenish-yellow fluids).

Nausea 
•feeling queasy or experiencing an upset stomach. 

Now we will look at the symptoms that are in your throat to show you are having  bile reflux 

Feeling full quickly 
•Bile reflux can contribute to sensations fullness even when you consume small amounts of food.

Sore throat 
•Irritation of the esophageal lining can cause sore throat 

Difficulty swallowing (Dysphagia)

Chronic cough

Test used to diagnose bile reflux 

Upper endoscopy exam 
•This involves placing a tube with a tiny camera attached down your throat,and into your stomach plus small intestine. You'll have numbing and relaxing meditation anaesthetics for the exam .The endoscope can also take tissue samples  to analyze in the lab

HIDA scan 
•Also known as scintigraphy, the hepatobiliary iminodiacetic acid(HIDA)scan,is a radiographic imaging test that tracks the flow of bile.From your liver to your small intestine, this test requires you to lie inside a scanner bed for one(1-4)to four hours.

Medication And Diagnosis 


Medications commonly used to treat bile reflux include:

1. Ursodeoxycholic acid (ursodiol): Helps to decrease the amount of bile in the digestive system and can alleviate symptoms.
2. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as omeprazole, esomeprazole, and lansoprazole: Reduce stomach acid production, which can help relieve symptoms and protect the esophagus from damage caused by bile reflux.
3. H2 receptor blockers such as ranitidine and famotidine: Also reduce stomach acid production and can be effective in managing symptoms.
4. Antacids: Provide temporary relief by neutralizing stomach acid.

Written by Matthews M Mashao 
Editor:Matthews M Mashao 

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